Editform

Question*

Explanation*

Disease states associated with CPM/EPM, often more than one association presentAlcoholism (common)Malnutrition (common)After prolonged diuretic use (frequent)Psychogenic polydipsia (rare if acute) Burns (infrequent, and often in context of hypernatraemia)Post-liver transplant (well recognised)Post-pituitary surgery (rare)Post-urological surgery/gynaecological surgery, especially if involving glycine infusions (rare)<br>The association with alcoholism was the first to be noted and continues to be particularly frequent (in up to 40% of cases)<br>Alcohol itself interferes with sodium/water regulation by suppression of antidiuretic hormone (ADH), and inadequate nutrition of alcoholics is an obvious accompaniment<br>Osmotic demyelination, however, does not seem to occur with the frequency one would expect in renal dialysis<br>It is thought that urea is acting in the renal failure patients as an ineffective solutethat is, it contributes to measured osmolality but as it easily crosses cell membranes does not contribute to tonicity, thus protecting from the rapid shifts in sodium which can occur in hemodialysis

Explanation Image Upload:(JPG / JPEG / PNG Upto 2 MB only)

Reference*

Reference Image Upload:(JPG / JPEG / PNG Upto 2 MB only)

Question Image Upload:(JPG / JPEG / PNG Upto 2 MB only)

Video Upload:(MP4 / Upto 10 MB only)

Option 1*

Is Correct (Option 1):

Option 1 Image Upload:(JPG / JPEG / PNG Upto 2 MB only)

Option 2*

Is Correct (Option 2):

Option 2 Image Upload:(JPG / JPEG / PNG Upto 2 MB only)

Option 3*

Is Correct (Option 3):

Option 3 Image Upload:(JPG / JPEG / PNG Upto 2 MB only)

Option 4*

Is Correct (Option 4):

Option 4 Image Upload:(JPG / JPEG / PNG Upto 2 MB only)

Edit Question